Evaluation of cervical healing in a rat model using alginate hydrogel embedded with platelet-rich plasma.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: External damage is a significant and treatable cause of cervical insufficiency (CI). This study evaluates a controlled-release drug delivery system combining platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with alginate hydrogel (Alg-PRP) to enhance cervical healing in a rat model. METHODS: Forty female Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;10): Alg-PRP, PRP, PBS, and healthy control. Cervical injury was induced, and treatments were administered accordingly. Cervical regeneration was assessed using qRT-PCR, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Functional outcomes, including pregnancy rate and number of pups, were also analyzed. RESULTS: Alg-PRP hydrogel exhibited a porous structure, minimal toxicity, and sustained growth factor release. VEGF expression was significantly higher in the Alg-PRP group (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), while MMP9 and TGF-&#x3b2; expression were reduced (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.0001, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Collagen I and III levels were lower (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). Masson's Trichrome staining confirmed reduced fibrosis (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01). IHC demonstrated increased epithelial thickness, proliferation (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.0001), and angiogenesis (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01), alongside decreased fibrosis markers (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.0001). The Alg-PRP group had the highest pregnancy rate (100%) and greater pup numbers. CONCLUSION: Alg-PRP hydrogel significantly enhances cervical healing and reproductive outcomes, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic for cervical injuries.