Evaluation of Reproductive Status in Romanian Buffalo Farms Using Ultrasonographic Monitoring

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive status of buffaloes from two farms in Romania by means of transrectal ultrasonography, with the intent to provide practical insights for both farmers and veterinary professionals. A total of 336–352 buffalo cows were examined at Farm A (Arad County, Romania), and 178–183 at Farm B (Brașov County, Romania), during the spring and autumn of 2024. Farm A implemented artificial insemination (AI) based on natural estrus detection, while Farm B relied on natural mating, with an approximate bull to female ratio of 1:25. The results indicated superior reproductive performance in Farm B, demonstrated by a shorter calving interval (428–431 days) and a reduced service period (125–129 days), in comparison with Farm A (445–448 days and 136–142 days, respectively; p < 0.05). The average number of inseminations per conception in Farm A was 1.6–1.7, and the incidence of postpartum endometritis was slightly higher (1.0–1.2%) than in the naturally mated group (0.3–0.5%). Transrectal ultrasonography proved indispensable for the accurate diagnosis of gestational stages, ovarian structures, and uterine pathologies, enabling the classification of buffaloes into well defined reproductive groups. These findings suggest that, under local management conditions, well structured natural mating can surpass the efficiency of standalone AI, highlighting the importance of accurate estrus detection, strict hygiene protocols, and periodic reproductive monitoring in optimizing fertility and overall herd productivity.