Exploration of a new method of a biopatch based on the central concept of the multi-layer repair.

Abstract

This letter discusses the findings of Pang <i>et al</i> retrospective study on omental patch repair as a balanced treatment for gastric ulcer perforation. We acknowledge its clinical value while highlighting a critical limitation: Conventional mechanical closure often results in fibrotic scarring and functional impairment across the mucosal, muscular, and neurovascular layers. To address this, we propose the innovative concept of "multi-layer repair" and present a proof-of-concept three-dimensional bioprinted functional biopatch. This patch features a multilayer structure: An inner layer laden with gastric mucosal organoids and an outer layer containing primary gastric muscle cells, both integrated onto a wet-adhesive electrospun membrane. Preliminary animal studies have yielded encouraging results, supporting its potential to promote functional restoration beyond mechanical sealing.