Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Inflammation signals in spinal fat tissue of dogs with cauda equina
By Leisengang, Stephan et al.·Published in Journal of veterinary internal medicine·2022·Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Germany·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Expression of adipokines and adipocytokines by epidural adipose tissue in cauda equina syndrome in dogs.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of 15 dogs with cauda equina syndrome (CES), which can cause pain and mobility issues, showed increased levels of certain inflammatory substances in their epidural fat tissue. These dogs had higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-10, while a hormone called leptin was found at lower levels. This suggests that the pressure on the fat tissue in these dogs may be worsening their pain. Understanding these changes could help veterinarians find better ways to manage pain in dogs with CES.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Compression of epidural adipose tissue (EAT) within the scope of cauda equina syndrome (CES) could lead to an enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators, possibly contributing to pain amplification in dogs. OBJECTIVES: To analyze expression of inflammatory adipo(-cyto)kines within the EAT of dogs with CES. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs: 15 dogs with CES and 9 dogs euthanized for unrelated medical reasons (controls). METHODS: Prospective, experimental study. Epidural adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected during dorsal laminectomy and used for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Tissue explants were cultured for measurements of inflammation-induced release of cytokines. RESULTS: Results show a CES-associated upregulation of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα: mean ± SD: 18.88 ± 11.87, 95% CI: 10.90-26.86 vs 9.66 ± 5.22, 95% CI: 5.29-14.02, *: P = .04) and interleukin- (IL-) 10 (20.1 ± 9.15, 95% CI: 14.82-25.39 vs 11.52 ± 6.82, 95% CI: 5.82-17.22, *: P = .03), whereas the expression of the adipokine leptin was attenuated in EAT of dogs with CES (3.07 ± 2.29, 95% CI: 1.80-3.34 vs 9.83 ± 8.42, 95% CI: 3.36-16.30, **: P = .007). Inflammatory stimulation of EAT explant cultures resulted in an enhanced release of IL-6 (LPS: 5491.55 ± 4438, 95% CI: 833.7-10 149; HMGB1: 1001.78 ± 522.2, 95% CI: 518.8-1485; PBS: 310.9 ± 98.57, 95% CI: 228.5-393.3, ***: P < .001). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Expression profile of inflammatory adipo(-cyto)kines by EAT is influenced from compressive forces acting in dogs with CES and might contribute to amplification of pain.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35838307/