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Peer-reviewed veterinary case report

Facteurs Associés à la Survenue de la Rage Canine au Mali de 2011 à 2020

Journal:
Health Research in Africa
Year:
2025
Authors:
S Samaké et al.
Affiliation:
1. Direction Générale de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique, Bamako, Mali · CM
Species:
dog

Abstract

RÉSUMÉ Introduction. La rage canine, zoonose mortelle causée par un Lyssavirus, entraîne environ 24 000 décès humains annuels en Afrique subsaharienne. Au Mali, 742 cas de morsures humaines et 33 foyers canins ont été recensés en 2020, avec une létalité humaine de 66%. Cette étude visait à identifier les facteurs associés à la rage canine au Mali entre 2011 et 2020. Méthodologie. Analyse transversale de 225 échantillons suspects prélevés dans la base de données du Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Bamako. Les données ont été traitées avec Microsoft Excel 2016 et Epi Info 7.2.4 (tests Chi² ; seuil de significativité p<0,05). Résultats. Parmi les échantillons, 203 cas canins ont été confirmés (prévalence : 90,2%). L’âge médian était de 2 ans, avec une prédominance des 1-3 ans (76,8%) et des mâles (74%). Les chiens domestiques représentaient 86% des cas, et seulement 3,1% étaient vaccinés. Les facteurs significativement associés à la rage incluaient : non-vaccination (p<0,001), statut domestique (p=0,003), hypersalivation (p<0,001) et changements comportementaux (p<0,001). Conclusion. La prévalence élevée et la couverture vaccinale critique (3,1%) exigent des interventions urgentes : 1) campagnes de vaccination canine gratuite et obligatoire, 2) surveillance épidémiologique renforcée, et 3) programmes communautaires de sensibilisation sur la prophylaxie post-morsure. ABSTRACT Introduction. Canine rabies is a fatal zoonosis caused by a virus of the genus Lyssavirus and family Rhabdoviridae. It is transmitted from animals to humans, mainly through exposure to infected saliva. According to the OIE, by 2020, 150 countries and territories will be endemic, WHO reports 60,000 human deaths a year deaths per year. In sub-Saharan Africa, rabies causes more than 24,000 human deaths every year. In 2020, Mali recorded 742 cases of human bites, 3 cases of human rabies, including 2 deaths, and 33 outbreaks of canine rabies, including 883 cases of animal bites. The aim of the study was to investigate the factors of animal bites. The aim of the study was to investigate the factors associated with canine rabies in Mali from 2011 to 2020. Method. We conducted a cross-sectional study. It involved 225 suspect samples extracted from the secondary rabies database of the Central veterinary laboratory in Bamako. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and Epi Info.7.2.4. Proportions were calculated. Results. A total of 203 confirmed cases of canine rabies were found, with an average of 20 cases/year and a prevalence of 90,22%. The age bracket [1-3 years] was in the majority 156 (76.84%) and males predominated 150 (74%). Domestics dogs were 194 (86%) and only 3,11% of animals were vaccinated. The factors such as vaccination status, species, and clinique signs hypersalivation and attitude change were statistically significant with P<0,05. Conclusion. The study enabled us to learn about cases of canine rabies in our different regions of Mali, the high prevalence and very low vaccination coverage (3,11%). We recommend mass vaccination of dogs and raising public awareness of the disease.

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