Fatal Equine Colic Due to Sand Impaction and Feed-Related Complications in an Argentine Polo Pony: A Case Report

Abstract

Equine colic remains a significant health concern with complex, multifactorial aetiologies including dietary factors, management practices, and parasitic infestations. This case report analyses a fatal colic case in an Argentine Polo Pony, emphasizing the importance of integrating clinical history, post-mortem findings, and feed analysis in understanding equine colic aetiology. An adult Argentine Polo Pony mare exhibited progressive colic signs over three days before death. Post-mortem examination revealed sand impaction, gastric rupture, and parasitic infestation. The stomach contained crumbs of limestone, pebbles, palm kernel cake, and soya bean husks. Cloudy peritoneal fluids indicated peritonitis. The caecum was engorged with gas, and the small intestine contained frothy ingesta. Haemorrhagic mucosa was observed in the caecum and colon. Feed analysis showed nutritional imbalances with low crude protein (7.19%) and fibre (8.45%) levels, high metabolizable energy (2757.780 KCal/Kg), and contamination with Aspergillus niger. The integration of findings led to a diagnosis of fatal impaction colic due to sand impaction and feed-related complications. This case illustrates the complex interplay of factors in equine colic. A holistic approach to equine health management is crucial, including proper nutrition, parasite control, and strategies to prevent sand ingestion. Early recognition of colic signs and prompt veterinary intervention are critical for improving outcomes.