Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Detecting feline coronavirus mutations in cats with infectious
By Emmler, Laura et al.·Published in Journal of feline medicine and surgery·2020·Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Germany·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Feline coronavirus with and without spike gene mutations detected by real-time RT-PCRs in cats with feline infectious peritonitis.
- Species:
- cat
Plain-English summary
A group of 20 cats diagnosed with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) had samples taken from various tissues and fluids to check for a specific mutation in the feline coronavirus (FCoV). All cats tested positive for the mutated virus in at least one sample, with the highest detection rates found in fluid from the abdomen and samples from the spleen and kidneys. This study shows that the presence of these mutations is linked to the spread of the virus throughout the body. Understanding these mutations can help veterinarians better diagnose and manage FIP in affected cats.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) emerges when feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) mutate within their host to a highly virulent biotype and the immune response is not able to control the infection. FCoV spike () gene mutations are considered to contribute to the change in virulence by enabling FCoV infection of and replication in macrophages. This study investigated the presence of FCoV with and withoutgene mutations in cats with FIP using two different real-time RT-PCRs on different samples obtained under clinical conditions. METHODS: Fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) and incisional biopsies (IBs) of popliteal and mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, omentum and kidneys (each n = 20), EDTA blood (n = 13), buffy coat smears (n = 13), serum (n = 11), effusion (n = 14), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 16), aqueous humour (n = 20) and peritoneal lavage (n = 6) were obtained from 20 cats with FIP diagnosed by immunohistochemistry. Samples were examined by RT-PCR targeting the FCoVgene, detecting all FCoV, andgene mutation RT-PCR targeting mutations in nucleotides 23531 and 23537. The prevalence of FCoV detected in each sample type was calculated. RESULTS: In 20/20 cats, FCoV withgene mutations was present in at least one sample, but there was variation in which sample was positive. FCoV with mutations in thegene was most frequently found in effusion (64%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 39-89), followed by spleen, omentum and kidney IBs (50%, 95% CI 28-72), mesenteric lymph node IBs and FNAs (45%, 95% CI 23-67), and FNAs of spleen and liver and liver IBs (40%, 95% CI 19-62). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In these 20 cats with FIP, FCoVs withgene mutations were found in every cat in at least one tissue or fluid sample. This highlights the association between mutatedgene and systemic FCoV spread. Examining a combination of different samples increased the probability of finding FCoV with the mutatedgene.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31729897/