Feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia in a young ragdoll cat: with surgical management.

Abstract

Feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibrosis (FGESF) is a rare condition mainly affecting middle-aged cats. It is characterized by inflammatory fibrous masses in the gastrointestinal tract. In this case study, we present the case of a 5-year-old neutered Ragdoll cat who experienced chronic constipation, weight loss, and anorexia. A narrow rectal lumen with a dorsal mass was observed during the physical examination, along with tachycardia, tachypnea, and poor body condition. Hematological analysis revealed peripheral eosinophilia, while biochemical examination showed elevated levels of immunoglobulin and feline serum amyloid, indicating the presence of inflammation. Radiography and ultrasound confirmed the presence of a sub-lumbar mass compressing the rectum and urethra. The endoscopic evaluation revealed smooth rectal mucosa without any lesions. During surgical exploration, firm, spherical masses were found in the sub lumbar region, indicating lymphadenopathy. Multiple biopsy samples were taken for cytological and histopathological analysis, which confirmed lymphadenitis with eosinophilic and sclerotic changes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing identified the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Surgical excision of the masses was performed, followed by postoperative management with ceftiofur, lactulose, and antibiotics. Cytological examination showed inflammatory cell infiltration without any signs of malignancy. Histopathology revealed dense fibrous hyperplasia with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. The discussion focuses on differential diagnoses, pathogenesis, and treatment options. Although immunosuppressants are commonly used, surgical excision and antibiotics were chosen as the treatment approach in this case. The unique presentation of a younger Ragdoll cat and the successful surgical outcome highlights the importance of being vigilant in diagnosing and managing FGESF. In the future, it would be beneficial to consider preoperative cytology to guide treatment decisions and explore alternative therapeutic approaches.