Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Risk factors linked to ureter blockage in cats 2016-2019
By Kennedy, Alexandra J & White, Joanna D·Published in Journal of feline medicine and surgery·2022·Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Australia·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Feline ureteral obstruction: a case-control study of risk factors (2016-2019).
- Species:
- cat
Plain-English summary
A study found that cats on a predominantly dry food diet were much more likely to experience ureteral obstruction (UO), which can lead to serious kidney problems. In fact, these cats were nearly 16 times more likely to develop this condition compared to those eating mostly wet food. The researchers looked at various factors, but diet was the only significant risk factor identified. This suggests that switching to a wet food diet could help prevent UO in cats.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Ureteral obstruction (UO) in cats causes acute kidney injury and typically requires surgical intervention. Information is required about potentially modifiable risk factors to inform prevention strategies. METHODS: A case-control study was performed to assess risk factors associated with feline UO. Cases were defined as cats with either of the following: (1) ureteral obstruction (ureteroliths: 13/18; unknown: 5/18) confirmed with pyelography; or (2) a creatinine concentration >140 µmol/l with both UO (ureteroliths: 6/10; blood clots: 3/10; pyonephrosis: 1/10) and pyelectasia ⩾5 mm on abdominal ultra sonography. Controls were defined as cats without evidence of UO on history, physical examination and abdominal ultrasound. Age, sex, breed (domestic shorthair/longhair), diet (predominantly dry, mixed or predominantly moist food), housing (indoors or mixed) and plasma total calcium were evaluated for their association with UO using multivariable logistic regression. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was created to evaluate the predictive ability of the final model. RESULTS: In total, 168 cats (28 cases, 140 controls) were included. Age, sex, breed, housing and total calcium were not significantly associated with UO; however, diet was. Compared with cats eating a predominantly moist food diet, cats fed a predominantly dry food diet were 15.9 times more likely to develop a UO (95% confidence interval 2.9-295; = 0.009). There was no difference in the association between diet and UO in cats fed a mixed diet vs cats fed a predominantly moist food diet ( = 0.25). The area under the ROC curve was 72%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Changes in diet formulation could provide a simple and economical method to reduce the risk of UO.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34076537/