Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy in the Patient with Vomiting and Diarrhea.

Abstract

Vomiting and diarrhea are among the most common reasons for veterinary presentation, yet their management requires more than symptomatic care. These clinical signs often signal complex disruptions in fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. This evidence-informed review presents a phased model of fluid therapy-resuscitation, optimization, stabilization, and de-escalation-rooted in veterinary pathophysiology and clinical practicality. Emphasis is placed on individualized assessment, judicious fluid selection, point-of-care diagnostics, and dynamic reassessment. The aim is to support clinicians in providing precise, patient-centered care while minimizing iatrogenic harm.