Foraging Behaviors and Comparative Yield Effects of Bumblebee (<i>Bombus terrestris</i> Linnaeus) and Chinese Honeybee (<i>Apis cerana cerana</i> Fabricius) to Cherry (<i>Prunus pseudocerasus</i> 'Hongdeng') in Northern China.

Abstract

Bee pollination is an indispensable part of agricultural production and a crucial factor in maintaining ecosystem balance and biodiversity. Understanding foraging behavior and pollination effects is essential for the management of bee pollination. Over a two-year experiment, we evaluated the foraging behavior and pollination effects of bumblebee <i>Bombus terrestris</i> and Chinese honeybee <i>Apis cerana cerana</i> on cherries in orchards. Results showed that all bees exhibited enhanced foraging activity as daytime temperatures rose in early spring. However, the daytime foraging activity of bumblebees differs from that of Chinese honeybees. The number of bumblebees leaving the hive exhibited two peak periods, whereas Chinese honeybees showed only one peak period. Bumblebees had longer working hours and greater pollen-carrying capacity than Chinese honeybees. Undoubtedly, cherries pollinated by bees had higher yields, as indicated by a greater fruit setting rate and yield. Thus, as effective pollinators, their pollination significantly boosts production and presents a viable option for widespread use in cherry cultivation. However, the risk of biological invasion by exotic bumblebees cannot be overlooked before extensive use.