Genetic effects of chemically and biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticlesandof female rats and their fetuses.

Abstract

With the increase in nanoparticles (NPs) products on the market, the possibility of animal and human exposure to these materials will increase. The smaller size of NPs facilitates their entrance through placental barriers and allows them to accumulate in embryonic tissue, where they can then be a source of different developmental malformations. Several toxicity studies with chemically synthesized titanium dioxide NPs (CTiONPs) have been recently carried out; although there is insufficient data on exposure to biosynthesized titanium dioxide NPs (BTiONPs) during pregnancy, the study aimed to evaluate the ability of an eco-friendly biosynthesis technique using garlic extract against maternal and fetal genotoxicities, which could result from repeated exposure to TiONPs during gestation days (GD) 6-19. A total of fifty pregnant rats were divided into five groups (n = 10) and gavaged CTiONPs and BTiONPs at 100 and 300 mg/kg/day concentrations. Pregnant rats on GD 20 were anesthetized, uterine horns were removed, and then embryotoxicity was performed. The kidneys of the mothers and fetuses in each group were collected and then maintained in a frozen condition. Our results showed that garlic extract can be used as a reducing agent for the formation of TiONPs. Moreover, BTiONPs showed less toxic potential than CTiONPs in HepGcells. Both chemically and biosynthesized TiONP-induced genetic variation in thesequences of mother groups compared to the control group. In conclusion, the genetic effects of thesequence induced by chemically synthesized TiONPs were greater than those of biosynthesized TiONPs. However, there were no differences between the control group and the embryo-treated groups with chemically and biologically synthesized TiONPs.