Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Heat treatment helps check heartworm drugs in dogs
By Bendas, Alexandre José Rodrigues et al.·Published in Parasites & vectors·2017·Programa de Pó, Brazil·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Heat pretreatment of canine samples to evaluate efficacy of imidacloprid + moxidectin and doxycycline in heartworm treatment.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of 22 dogs with heartworm were treated with a combination of a topical medication (imidacloprid and moxidectin) and oral doxycycline for 30 days. The treatment was effective, as all dogs tested negative for heartworm antigen after 18 to 24 months. The study found that dogs with lower levels of microfilariae (tiny heartworm larvae) cleared the infection faster. For pet owners, it's recommended to have two negative antigen tests six months apart to confirm that a dog is heartworm-free.
People also search for: dog heartworm treatment · heartworm medication for dogs · doxycycline for heartworm in dogs
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Considering the recent information on the increase of Dirofilaria immitis antigen detection by rapid assays in canine blood samples after heat treatment, the proposal that immune complexes block D. immitis antigen detection and that macrocyclic lactone + doxycycline (alternative protocol) might lead to increased production of those immune complexes, resulting in the erroneous diagnosis of adult worm elimination, and that there is no recommended adulticide marketed in Brazil, a study was performed to evaluate the interference of moxidectin + doxycycline (moxi-doxy) on diagnostic procedures when heartworm positive dogs are treated with this alternative protocol. Twenty-two naturally infected pet dogs were treated monthly with topical 10% imidacloprid + 2.5% moxidectin and with oral doxycycline (10 mg/kg BID/30 days) (moxi-doxy). All the dogs had their microfilaremia level determined prior to the first day of treatment, and were tested every 6 months for microfilariae (Mf) detection prior to heating, and for antigen detection prior to and after heating, the sample. RESULTS: The results indicate that the treatment protocol can eliminate adult heartworms as early as 6 months after the first dose, especially in low microfilaremic dogs (< 300 Mf/ml). In this study, all dogs were free of heartworm antigen after 18-24 months of treatment. In a comparison of pre-heated samples and non-heated samples, sample pre-heating increased antigen detection sensitivity, and non-heated samples tended to be antigen-negative earlier than the pre-heated samples, especially when dogs had low microfilaremia levels. These discrepancies were not present in a subsequent sample of the same dog 6 months later. CONCLUSIONS: Two negative antigen test results 6 months apart can be recommended as the criterion to consider when a dog has been cleared of infection. The initial microfilaremia level of a dog can be used to estimate the necessary time frame to end the treatment period.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28526068/