Hematologic reference intervals for Rana sylvatica (Lithobates sylvaticus) and effect of infection with Frog Virus 3 (Ranavirus sp., Iridoviridae).

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although the Wood Frog, Rana sylvatica, is used in research on infectious diseases of amphibians, hematologic RIs or response to infection have not been established. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to determine hematologic RIs for adult Wood Frogs and alterations associated with infection with Frog Virus 3 (FV3, Ranavirus sp.). METHODS: Blood was collected from 40 wild-caught adult Wood Frogs that had been in captivity for 6 months. Complete (Natt-Herrick solution hemocytometry) and differential (Wright-Giemsa-stained smears) WBC, RBC, and thrombocyte cell counts, PCV, and automated total cell counts (WBC+RBC+thrombocytes, Sysmex particle counting) were determined. Concordance correlation coefficients determined agreement between hemocytometric and automated total cell counts. Thirteen frogs were orally infected with a lethal dose of 10(4.43) plaque-forming units of FV3 and terminally sampled 4, 9, or 14 days postinfection (dpi). Pre- and postinfection variables for each frog were compared. RESULTS: Leukocyte morphology was similar to that of other amphibians and mammals. Lymphocytes were the most numerous WBC. PCV and RBC counts were similar to other frogs in the same family. Agreement was good between hemocytometry and automated total cell counts. Infection with FV3 caused neutrophilia, increase in undifferentiated blast-like cells, and reduction in the percentage of basophils. Lymphocytes decreased at 4 and 9 dpi but increased at 14 dpi. From 9 dpi onwards, nuclear deterioration and mild toxic change were present in neutrophils; viral cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were observed in lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. CONCLUSION: We provide hematology RIs for Rana sylvatica, and report hematologic changes associated with a lethal FV3 infection.