Blood and chemistry changes in cats with feline panleukopenia

Abstract

Feline panleukopenia (FP) is a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease of domestic and wild felids caused by the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), that belongs to the Parvoviridae family. The disease predominantly affects kittens and unvaccinated cats, with transmission occurring through direct contact with infected animals or indirect exposure to contaminated secretions, fomites, or environments. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of FPV infection on hematological and biochemical parameters, particularly those associated with erythropoiesis. We examined two domestic cats under one year of age, named UP and CI. Clinical evaluation included anamnesis, physical examination, and assessment of vital parameters, while FPV infection was confirmed using the VetExpert Rapid FPV Antigen Test and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Initial anamnesis when the cats were presented demonstrated that the cats had loss of appetite and dehydration without a history of vomiting, but only one cat (UP) developed pasty diarrhea. Hepatorenal syndrome was diagnosed based on signs of pancreatitis, which included elevated glucose levels, increased Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) levels, significantly high total bilirubin levels, and lower levels of blood protein, creatinine, and urea. Hematological assessment demonstrated panleukopenia, with leukocyte counts reduced by approximately 50%. These findings indicate that FPV infection induces profound hematological and biochemical alterations, reflecting multisystem dysfunction and severe immunosuppression. The results highlight the complexity of FPV pathogenesis and emphasize the importance of early diagnostic screening and intensive supportive therapy to mitigate morbidity and mortality in young cats.