Hemostatic effect of a chitosan linear polymer (Celox®) in a severe femoral artery bleeding rat model under hypothermia or warfarin therapy.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In this study, the hemostatic efficacy of Celox&#xae; in rats under hypothermia or warfarin treatment was investigated. METHODS: A total of forty-eight Sprague-Dawley female rats weighing 200-350 g were used in the study. Six experimental study groups were designed, as follows: Group 1: Normothermia + compression; Group 2: normothermia + Celox&#xae;; Group 3: hypothermia + compression; Group 4: hypothermia + Celox&#xae;; Group 5: normothermia + warfarin + compression; and Group 6: normothermia + warfarin + Celox&#xae;. RESULTS: Celox&#xae; provided effective hemorrhage control in all three tested groups. There was a statistically significant difference between compression and Celox&#xae; implementation in all groups in terms of hemostasis (p-values for the normothermia, hypothermia and warfarin groups were p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, the compression numbers were significantly lower in all of the groups that received Celox &#xae; than in those in which compression alone was applied (p-values for the normothermia, hypothermia and warfarin groups were p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Celox&#xae; provides effective hemorrhage control under conditions of normothermia, hypothermia and use of the oral anticoagulant agent warfarin.