High-potency human immunodeficiency virus vaccination leads to delayed and reduced CD8+ T-cell expansion but improved virus control.

Abstract

CD8(+) T lymphocytes are thought to play an important role in the control of acute and chronic human immunodeficiency virus infections. However, there is a significant delay between infection and the first observed increase in virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell numbers. Prior to this time, viral kinetics are not significantly different between controls and vaccinees. Surprisingly, higher initial virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell numbers lead to a longer delay prior to initial CD8(+) T-cell expansion, and slower CD8(+) T-cell increases. Nevertheless, higher initial CD8(+) T-cell numbers were associated with reduced peak and chronic viral loads and reduced CD4(+) T-cell depletion.