Histopathological characterization of genital tumors, with emphasis on Transmissible Venereal Tumor in the canine species in Eastern Algeria

Abstract

This study aimed to provide data on genital tumors in canines at the Ibn Badis University Hospital Center in Constantine, focusing on tumor localization and histological types in Eastern Algeria. Transmissible venereal tumor, also known as Sticker sarcoma, is a significant cancer in dogs, prevalent across all breeds and primarily affecting urban stray populations. It typically manifests as masses on external genital organs but can also appear on other mucous membranes through direct contact. Transmissible venereal tumor predominantly affects dogs aged 2–5 years with high sexual activity; in males, it occurs in the penis and prepuce (6.66%) (8/120), while in females, it affects the posterior vaginal region and vulva (10%) (12/120). Diagnosis is based on clinical history, chronic discharge, typical lesion locations, and histopathological features confirmed by Hematoxylin & Eosin staining. The immunohistochemical analysis used desmin and myogenin to differentiate Transmissible venereal tumor cells and confirm diagnosis. Vincristine chemotherapy remains the primary treatment, often combined with surgery.