Home blood pressure measurement in companion animals: underestimated or unknown?

Abstract

Blood pressure (BP) measurement is a clinically significant procedure due to its close relationship with hemodynamics. Diseases that affect the components determining BP can lead to alterations in pressure values and must be recognized and managed therapeutically. Although BP can be measured in a hospital setting, it is well known that animals may exhibit signs of situational hypertension due to various factors, such as "white coat syndrome," unfamiliar environments, distinct odors, long waiting times, contact with other animals, transportation, and other stress-inducing stimuli that can trigger the release of circulating catecholamines. As a result, temporary changes in BP readings may occur. If these factors are not considered when interpreting the results, it can lead to under- or overestimation of BP. Some professionals may overlook these conditions and frequently prescribe antihypertensive medications unnecessarily. In light of this, home BP monitoring is a potentially valuable strategy that could be incorporated into routine clinical practice, especially for patients who consistently present elevated BP values without an underlying condition to justify the increase. However, this technique remains underutilized, particularly in Brazil, contributing to high rates of inaccurate or erroneous diagnoses. Clearly defined protocols for performing blood pressure (BP) measurements at home are still necessary to ensure reliable and accurate diagnostics.