Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Ruminant group B rotavirus linked to foal diarrhea outbreaks
By Uprety, Tirth et al.Ā·Published in VirusesĀ·2021Ā·University of Kentucky, United StatesĀ·View original on PubMed ā
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Original publication title: Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Foals.
- Species:
- horse
Plain-English summary
A group of neonatal foals in Central Kentucky developed severe watery to bloody diarrhea starting in February 2021. Despite testing for common causes, no known pathogens were found until researchers identified a new type of rotavirus (group B) in their fecal samples, which closely resembled rotaviruses found in cows and goats. Out of 33 foals tested, 23 were positive for this new rotavirus. This discovery highlights a potential new threat to foals and emphasizes the need for further research to understand its impact on their health and the equine industry.
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Abstract
Equine rotavirus group A (ERVA) is one of the most common causes of foal diarrhea. Starting in February 2021, there was an increase in the frequency of severe watery to hemorrhagic diarrhea cases in neonatal foals in Central Kentucky. Diagnostic investigation of fecal samples failed to detect evidence of diarrhea-causing pathogens including ERVA. Based on-based metagenomic sequencing, we identified a novel equine rotavirus group B (ERVB) in fecal specimens from the affected foals in the absence of any other known enteric pathogens. Interestingly, the protein sequence of all 11 segments had greater than 96% identity with group B rotaviruses previously found in ruminants. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clustering of the ERVB with group B rotaviruses of caprine and bovine strains from the USA. Subsequent analysis of 33 foal diarrheic samples by RT-qPCR identified 23 rotavirus B-positive cases (69.69%). These observations suggest that the ERVB originated from ruminants and was associated with outbreaks of neonatal foal diarrhea in the 2021 foaling season in Kentucky. Emergence of the ruminant-like group B rotavirus in foals clearly warrants further investigation due to the significant impact of the disease in neonatal foals and its economic impact on the equine industry.
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Search related cases āOriginal publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34372536/