Immunogenicity assessment of a swine fever-swine circovirus type 2 duplex vaccine candidate created using the Zera nanoparticle delivery method.

Abstract

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine circovirus (PCV) are the primary pathogens of swine fever and pig circovirus infections, respectively. Co-infections with these diseases result in severe economic losses for the swine sector. To prevent and control the disease, immunization is the primary technique for reducing co-infections and economic losses. In this work, we created a new nanoparticle vaccine using a Zera nanoparticle delivery system that expressed swine fever virus E0 and E2 proteins as well as porcine circovirus Cap proteins. We then inoculated BALB/c mice to test the vaccine's immunogenicity. The findings revealed that this nanoparticle vaccine could stimulate the mouse organism to produce high levels of humoral and cellular immunity, making it a promising candidate for the development of subunit vaccines against swine fever and swine circulatory-associated diseases. This study also provides ideas for other disease vaccines.