Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
In situ molecular diagnosis and histopathological characterization of enteroadherent Enterococcus hirae infection in pre-weaning-age kittens.
- Journal:
- Journal of clinical microbiology
- Year:
- 2010
- Authors:
- Nicklas, Jodi L et al.
- Affiliation:
- Department of Clinical Sciences · United States
Plain-English summary
In this study, researchers looked at seven young kittens that had diarrhea and were initially thought to have an infection from a type of bacteria called enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). After examining their intestinal tissues, they found that only two of the kittens actually had EPEC, while the other five had an infection from a different bacteria called Enterococcus hirae. This bacteria was closely attached to the cells in the kittens' intestines but did not cause the usual damage seen with other infections. The findings suggest that Enterococcus hirae might be a common cause of intestinal infections in young kittens, and veterinarians should consider it when diagnosing similar cases.
Abstract
The bacterial causes of diarrhea can be frustrating to identify, and it is likely that many remain undiagnosed. The pathogenic potential of certain bacteria becomes less ambiguous when they are observed to intimately associate with intestinal epithelial cells. In the present study we sought to retrospectively characterize the clinical, in situ molecular, and histopathological features of enteroadherent bacteria in seven unrelated kittens that were presumptively diagnosed with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) on the basis of postmortem light microscopic and, in some cases, microbiological examination. Characterization of the enteroadherent bacteria in each case was performed by Gram staining, in situ hybridization using fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide probes, PCR amplification of species-specific gene sequences, and ultrastructural imaging applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of intestinal tissue. In only two kittens was EPEC infection confirmed. In the remaining five kittens, enteroadherent bacteria were identified as Enterococcus spp. The enterococci were further identified as Enterococcus hirae on the basis of PCR amplification of DNA extracted from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and amplified by using species-specific primers. Transmission electron microscopy of representative lesions from E. coli- and Enterococcus spp.-infected kittens revealed coccobacilli adherent to intestinal epithelial cells without effacement of microvilli or cup-and-pedestal formation. Enterococci were not observed, nor were DNA sequences amplified from intestinal tissue obtained from age-matched kittens euthanized for reasons unrelated to intestinal disease. These studies suggest that E. hirae may be a common cause of enteroadherent bacterial infection in pre-weaning-age kittens and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bacterial disease in this population.
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Search related cases →Original publication: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20519483/