Indicators of broiler welfare during transport

Abstract

Transportation is one of the most stressful stages in the broiler production cycle. Violations of transport conditions can lead to a significant deterioration in the birds' physiological state, increased stress levels, injuries, reduced meat quality, and economic losses due to broiler mortality. The relevance of this study lies in the development of practical recommendations for improving broiler transport conditions, reducing stress levels and losses, and enhancing veterinary and sanitary control on poultry farms. The aim of this study was to identify key welfare indicators of broilers during transportation, analyze their relationship with the birds’ physiological condition and behavioral responses, and determine the factors influencing the reduction of stress and mortality during transport. The article analyzes the welfare requirements for broilers during transportation and stunning. It has been demonstrated that birds experience the highest levels of stress during catching, transportation, delivery to the slaughterhouse, and shackling prior to stunning. Therefore, minimizing stress during this critical period is essential to improve animal welfare. During transportation, a number of requirements must be strictly observed. In particular, broilers should be transported in specialized vehicles and containers, taking into account stocking density requirements depending on environmental conditions and bird weight. After unloading from the trailer, birds should rest for 30 minutes in a holding buffer zone. Containers must be arranged in a single row with a minimum distance of 60 cm between them. A crucial factor is maintaining an appropriate microclimate: the ambient temperature in the receiving area should match the temperature in the poultry house on the last day of rearing. Necessary corrective actions should be taken based on temperature indicators in the facility. It was found that to assess bird welfare during rearing and transportation, it is advisable to implement a feedback system between slaughterhouses and poultry farms. Clear criteria should be applied based on indicators of bird health, welfare, physical damage, and injury.