Ineffective health maintenance behaviors in people with chronic conditions: Systematic review of etiology and risk.

Abstract

<h4>Background</h4>Ineffective health maintenance behaviors (00292) is an important nursing diagnosis in the context of chronic conditions. However, it is observed that the etiology of this phenomenon is not well defined for this population. For nurses to infer this diagnosis early and, consequently, develop effective care plans, further studies are needed to facilitate the understanding of the factors related to the phenomenon.<h4>Objective</h4>To analyze the factors related to the ineffective health maintenance behaviors nursing diagnosis in people with chronic conditions.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic review of related factors conducted in Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science, Science Direct (Elsevier), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCO), EMBASE (Elsevier) and Google Scholar. The last access date in the data sources was August 31, 2023. For the critical assessment of eligible studies, the checklists for quantitative studies from the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis were adopted. PROSPERO: CRD42022378870.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 21 studies were included and 18 related factors were retrieved. Regarding study characterization, the majority were published in 2022 (33.3 %), North America was the continent with the highest number of studies (42.8 %) and 85.7 % of studies were cross-sectional. Cardiovascular diseases was the most prevalent chronic condition in the studies at 76.1 %. The five main related factors identified were low self-efficacy, individuals with a low level of education, multimorbidity, economically disadvantaged individuals and inadequate health literacy. Of the 18 related factors identified, 11 are not included in the NANDA-International taxonomy classification.<h4>Conclusion</h4>A total of 18 factors related to ineffective health maintenance behaviors in people with chronic conditions were identified in the studies. This study may assist nursing professionals' clinical practice by providing support in relation to the early detection of the phenomenon through the identification of new related factors.