Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Can dogs get infected by larvae shed from snails carrying
By Robbins, William et al.·Published in Parasites & vectors·2021·Department of Biomedical Sciences, Canada·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Infectivity of gastropod-shed third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis to dogs.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of research beagles was exposed to larvae from two types of parasites, Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis, which can infect dogs. These larvae were shed by slugs and remained infectious for several weeks. After being exposed, all four dogs started shedding the larvae in their feces within a month for Crenosoma vulpis and within about seven weeks for Angiostrongylus vasorum. This study shows that dogs can become infected by coming into contact with contaminated environments or by eating contaminated plants, highlighting the importance of keeping dogs away from potentially infected areas.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Metastrongyloid parasites Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infect wild and domestic canids and are important pathogens in dogs. Recent studies indicate that gastropod intermediate hosts infected with various metastrongyloids spontaneously shed infective third-stage larvae (L3) into the environment via feces and mucus under laboratory conditions. Shed L3 retain motility up to 120 days, but whether they retain infectivity was unknown. METHODS: To assess the infectivity of shed L3, the heart/lungs of six red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were obtained from trappers in Newfoundland, Canada. Lungs were examined for first-stage larvae (L1) by the Baermann technique. A high number of viable A. vasorum L1 and a low number of C. vulpis L1 were recovered from one fox; these were used to infect naïve laboratory-raised Limax maximus. L3 recovered from slugs by artificial digestion were fed to two naïve purpose-bred research beagles (100 L3/dog). L1 shed by these two dogs was used to infect 546 L. maximus (2000-10,000 L1/slug). L3 shedding was induced by anesthetizing slugs in soda water and transferring them into warm (45 °C) tap water for at least 8 h. Shed L3 recovered from slugs were aliquoted on romaine lettuce in six-well tissue culture plates (80-500 L3/well) and stored at 16 °C/75% relative humidity. Four naïve research beagles were then exposed to 100 L3/dog from larvae stored for 0, 2, 4, or 8 weeks, respectively, after shedding. RESULTS: All four dogs began shedding C. vulpis L1 by 26-36 days post-infection (PI). All four dogs began shedding A. vasorum L1 by 50 days PI. CONCLUSIONS: L3 infectivity for the definitive host was retained in both metastrongyloids, indicating the potential for natural infection in dogs through exposure from environmental contamination. As an additional exposure route, eating or licking plant or other material(s) contaminated with metastrongyloid L3 could dramatically increase the number of dogs at risk of infection from these parasites.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34099050/