Influence of dealcoholized red wine on the healing of bone with induced apical periodontitis in rats.

Abstract

Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease influenced by local and systemic factors. Nutritional compounds can modulate the inflammation, helping the healing process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the local and systemic effects of dealcoholized red wine during the repair of alveolar bone with induced AP. Thirty-five male Wistar rats with AP that had their teeth extracted were arranged into five groups according to the supplementation: no supplementation (NC); red wine (RW); dealcoholized red wine (DRW); and alcohol (AL). The extraction of healthy teeth from rats with no supplementation served as control (C). The experimental protocol lasted 75 days with daily supplementation. At the 15th day, AP was induced in the four first molars, which were extracted 30 days later. After 30 days of alveolar bone healing, the animals were euthanized, blood and mandible samples were collected for hematological, ELISA, and histological analysis. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance of 5%. DRW, C, and ALC exhibited red blood cells count within the reference threshold while RW was above it (p<0.05). Hemoglobin in DRW and C were within the reference, but not in NC, RW, and AL (p<0.05). Hematocrit values were similar and remained within normal ranges for all groups. Platelet counts were elevated in all groups compared to C (p<0.05) but within reference. Medium platelet volume was lower in DRW, NC, and AL than in C (p<0.05) but within reference. No difference was found in MCV, MCHC, RDW, or leukocyte subsets (p>0.05). Alcohol supplementation increased serum IL-1&#x3b2; levels (p<0.05). In contrast, serum TNF-&#x3b1; levels were reduced in DRW and RW (p<0.05). No difference in IL-17A levels were observed (p>0.05). Bone repair was more advanced in C than in NC (p<0.05). More trabecular bone formation in DRW, C and RW (p<0.05). AL showed the highest inflammatory infiltration score, affecting both connective and bone tissue, whereas C and DRW had the lowest levels (p<0.05). Epithelial and connective tissue s scores were similar between C and DRW but significantly lower than NC, RW, and AL (p<0.05). It was concluded that DRW supplementation had a positive effect on the modulation of the inflammatory response and on the repair of bone tissue in the dental alveoli of teeth with AP. Supplementation with RW and AL resulted in changes in blood parameters, indicating a negative influence of alcohol.