Influence of obesity on subgingival microbiota composition in subjects with different periodontal status: a systematic review.

Abstract

<h4>Objective</h4>This systematic review aimed to investigate the changes in the composition of the subgingival microbiota among subjects with normo-weight, overweight and obesity, in conditions of periodontal health and disease.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>The protocol for this study was designed following PRISMA guidelines. Records were identified using different search engines (PubMed/MedLine, Scopus and Web of Science). Observational studies, in human subjects diagnosed with obesity (BMI >30kg/m²) and periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis), on the analysis of subgingival microbiota were selected. Eight articles were included.<h4>Results</h4>The subgingival microbiota of 1,229 subjects (n=894 exposure group and n=335 control group) was analyzed. Periodontal pathogens were the most common bacteria detected in subjects with obesity and periodontitis (<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Tannerella forsythia</i>, <i>Campylobacter gracilis</i>, <i>Eubacterium nodatum</i>, <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum spp</i>. <i>vincentii</i>, <i>Parvimonas micra</i>, <i>Prevotella intermedia</i>, <i>Campylobacter rectus</i>, and <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>), as along with some accessory pathogens such as: <i>Streptococcus gordonii</i>, and <i>Veillonella parvula</i> that favor the virulence of late colonizers.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Although there are evident alterations in the composition of the subgingival microbiota in subjects with obesity and periodontitis, it is still a challenge to identify a specific pattern of microbiota in these subjects. If associations between subgingival plaque microorganisms and obesity are confirmed, microbiome analysis could be a useful tool to improve preventive measures and the management of people with obesity.