Kaempferol activity oninfection in an experimentally infected immunocompromised mouse model: andinvestigations.

Abstract

CONTEXT: No vaccine or effective therapy for cryptosporidiosis currently exists, except for nitazoxanide (NTZ), which has limited effectiveness in immunocompromised hosts. Kaempferol (KPF), a naturally occurring flavonoid, has various pharmacological effects and promising antiparasitic properties. OBJECTIVE: The current work aimed to examine the impact of KPF compared with NTZ on() using bothmolecular docking andstudies with an experimentally infected immunocompromised mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study utilized KPF and NTZ as multi-target ligands to predict, determine, and evaluate theirtarget-interacted forms, thereby demonstrating their therapeutic properties against. Mice were immunosuppressed and divided into six groups: DEXA, Model, KPF as prophylaxis, treatment with KPF, NTZ, and a combination of KPF and NTZ. Treatment efficacy was assessed through parasitological, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical analysis of intestinal tissues using NLRP3 protein. RESULTS: Thefindings supported the use of KPF and NTZ as inhibitors ofgrowth by blocking the action ofcholine and pyruvate kinases. Thestudy demonstrated that KPF exhibits anti-cryptosporidial efficacy, particularly when combined with NTZ. The KPF+NTZ had the best results, as evidenced by a significant decrease (&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) in oocyst shedding of 83%, improved intestinal histological damage, and inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: KPF demonstrated the potential to mitigate the consequences of cryptosporidiosis and serve as an adjuvant agent to NTZ by reducing the oocyst burden, alleviating intestinal inflammation, and facilitating mucosal repair.