Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Early kidney injury detection in dogs with leptospirosis using KIM-1
By Dias, C S et al.·Published in Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases·2021·Federal University of Bahia, Brazil·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Kidney Injury Molecule-1 in the detection of early kidney injury in dogs with leptospirosis.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of 25 dogs with leptospirosis, a serious infection that can cause kidney damage, were tested for early signs of kidney injury using a special urine test for Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1). This test was able to detect kidney problems before traditional tests like serum urea and creatinine could, showing promising results for early diagnosis. The KIM-1 levels were significantly higher in the infected dogs compared to healthy ones, indicating that this test could help veterinarians identify kidney issues sooner and improve treatment outcomes. Early detection is crucial for better recovery chances in dogs suffering from leptospirosis.
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Abstract
Renal damage, a common feature in canine leptospirosis, ranges from a subclinical affection to kidney dysfunction and death. Chances of recovery can be improved by early intervention. However, traditional biomarkers (serum urea and creatinine) have limited relevance for precocity. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a transmembrane protein upregulated in early stages of tubular injury. This study evaluated the use of urinary KIM-1 to detect early renal injury in naturally occurring canine leptospirosis. This exploratory research included 30 dogs divided into two groups: (1) dogs with leptospirosis (n = 25) and (2) healthy dogs (n = 5). Leptospira sp. infection was diagnosed through urine PCR and/or direct bacteriologic culture and/or serology (single MAT titters ≥800). Additionally, stage of infection was further characterized in acute and subacute phases based on the onset of clinical symptoms from 3 to 7 days. Urinary KIM-1 (uKIM-1) concentrations were measured in both groups with a commercial canine ELISA kit. uKIM-1 levels were statistically different (P < 0.01) between the studied groups, especially in non-azotemic dogs (P = 0.0042). The biomarker showed 88 % sensibility to diagnosis of kidney injury at> 1.49 ng/mL cut-off. Urine KIM-1 was negatively correlated with urine specific gravity (USG) but accompanied histopathological evidence of renal degeneration, necrosis and regeneration processes, extending information on kidney health. Measurement of KIM-1 in the urine of canine patients was able to detect naturally occurring acute and subacute leptospirosis accompanied by tubular injury in early non-azotemic infections.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33706047/