No spread of MRSA between healthy dogs in a rescue kennel

Abstract

Although it is widely accepted that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be transmitted between humans and animals in both directions, little is known about the dynamics of animal-to-animal transfer. This study aimed to investigate aspects of dog-to-dog MRSA transfer in a rescue facility in the South-East of England during an MRSA outbreak. One hundred and twenty-nine apparently healthy dogs, mostly housed in pairs, were swabbed at nasal, oral, axillary and perianal sites. Swabs were enriched in selective broth and staphylococci identified using standard biological methods. MRSA isolates were confirmed by demonstration of the thermonuclease gene (nuc) and mecA. After initial swabbing, a dog excluded from the study design but housed at the same facility was discovered to have a wound infection due to MRSA. MRSA carriage was identified in 10/129 dogs (7.8%) and all isolates were of the same lineage as the one isolated from the infected dog. All carrier dogs lived in shared kennels and their 16 kennel partners sampled negative on two occasions. Concurrently with successful antimicrobial treatment of the infected patient, MRSA carriage resolved spontaneously in all dogs within two weeks. In conclusion, MRSA did not transmit readily between apparently healthy dogs, MRSA carriage was not supported for long periods in a regularly cleaned environment and exposure alone may not lead to MRSA acquisition by dogs without the presence of additional risk factors.