<i>Muribaculum intestinale</i> in brain-gut axis regulation: promises and limitations for therapeutic applications.

Abstract

In recent years, the role of gut microbiota in the regulation of the gut-brain axis has garnered increasing attention, with <i>Muribaculum intestinale</i> (<i>M. intestinale</i>) emerging as a novel member of the gut microbiota, exhibiting unique biological characteristics and potential therapeutic value. This article systematically reviews the regulatory mechanisms of <i>M. intestinale</i> in the gut-brain axis and its associations with various diseases. <i>M. intestinale</i> modulates host neurotransmitter synthesis, immune responses, and intestinal barrier function through metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, succinate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate, thereby influencing the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric diseases, and metabolic diseases. Additionally, this article explores the distribution differences of <i>M. intestinale</i> in the intestines of mice and humans, as well as its susceptibility to external factors like diet, antibiotics, and exercise. Although current research has unveiled the potential roles of <i>M. intestinale</i>, its clinical translation still faces challenges such as technical bottlenecks and individual variability. Future studies should focus on humanized model construction, synthetic biology modifications, and multi-target intervention strategies to achieve precise microbiota-targeted therapies.