Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Orbital diseases in dogs and cats signs and treatment
By Betbeze, Caroline·Published in Topics in companion animal medicine·2015·Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, United States·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Management of Orbital Diseases.
Plain-English summary
A dog with a bulging eye (exophthalmos) was brought to the vet, which can be a sign of various orbital diseases. These conditions can be tricky to diagnose since the problem is not visible from the outside. The vet may need to use advanced imaging techniques like ultrasound or CT scans to identify the cause, which could range from infections to tumors. Treatment will depend on the underlying issue, and the vet might perform procedures like fine-needle aspirates to gather more information. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help improve the dog's condition.
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Abstract
Orbital diseases are common in dogs and cats and can present on emergency due to the acute onset of many of these issues. The difficulty with diagnosis and therapy of orbital disease is that the location of the problem is not readily visible. The focus of this article is on recognizing classical clinical presentations of orbital disease, which are typically exophthalmos, strabismus, enophthalmos, proptosis, or intraconal swelling. After the orbital disease is confirmed, certain characteristics such as pain on opening the mouth, acute vs. chronic swelling, and involvement of nearby structures can be helpful in determining the underlying cause. Abscesses, cellulitis, sialoceles, neoplasia (primary or secondary), foreign bodies, and immune-mediated diseases can all lead to exophthalmos, but it can be difficult to determine the cause of disease without advanced diagnostic imaging, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, or computed tomography scan. Fine-needle aspirates and biopsies of the retrobulbar space can also be performed.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26494502/