Methanolic plant extracts: emerging biotherapeutic alternatives for animal wound infection control.

Abstract

Wound infections caused by bacterial pathogens remain a major health concern, often delaying tissue repair and increasing morbidity. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of methanolic leaf extracts from, andas potential natural alternatives for managing wound-associated infections. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, saponins, and steroids in all extracts, withandshowing particularly high levels of phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids, whileexhibited abundant alkaloids and saponins. From 123 wound samples, six bacterial species were isolated:(38; 30.9%),(17; 13.8%),(22; 17.9%),(18; 14.6%),(15; 12.2%), and(13; 10.6%). Antibacterial activity assessed using the agar well diffusion method showed thatproduced the highest inhibition zones (12.5 ± 0.5 mm to 20.4 ± 0.9 mm), followed by(11.6 ± 0.5 mm to 19.2 ± 0.7 mm). The positive control, ciprofloxacin (10 μg), exhibited inhibition zones ranging from 20.8 ± 0.5 mm to 26.1 ± 0.4 mm, whereas the negative control (10% DMSO) produced no inhibition. The observed antibacterial activity is likely due to the synergistic effects of bioactive phytochemicals, which disrupt bacterial cell membranes and inhibit bacterial growth. These findings indicate thatandpossess strong antibacterial potential and may serve as promising natural agents for managing wound infections caused by clinically relevant pathogens. Furtherand toxicity studies are recommended to validate their therapeutic applicability.