Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Minimally invasive nipple-sparing mastectomy using endoscopic
By Bipte SM et al.·2026·Jaslok & Breach Candy Hospital Mumbai, India·View original on Europe PMC →
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Original publication title: Minimally Invasive Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Early Experience With Endoscopic and Robotic Techniques.
Plain-English summary
This study looked at a new surgical technique called minimally invasive nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), which can be done using endoscopic or robotic methods. The researchers followed five patients who had this surgery in India between January 2024 and June 2025. All surgeries were successful, with no major complications, and the patients were able to keep their nipples, which is important for cosmetic reasons. After an average follow-up of six months, all patients were alive and free of disease, and they reported being happy with the appearance of their breasts. Overall, the early results suggest that this type of surgery is safe and effective, but more research is needed to confirm these findings with a larger group of patients.
Abstract
<h4>Objective</h4>Minimally invasive nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), performed via endoscopic or robotic-assisted approaches, has been developed to improve cosmetic and psychosocial outcomes without compromising oncologic safety. While international experience is growing, data from low- and middle-income countries remain limited.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>We conducted a retrospective case series of five consecutive patients (six breasts) who underwent minimally invasive NSM between January 2024 and June 2025 in an Indian center. Three patients underwent conventional endoscopic NSM and two underwent robotic-assisted NSM (one unilateral and one bilateral). Data collected included demographic and genetic status, tumor biology, operative details, reconstruction method, perioperative complications, pathology, and short-term follow-up. Primary endpoints were feasibility and safety; secondary endpoints were margin status, early oncologic outcomes, and cosmetic satisfaction.<h4>Results</h4>All procedures were completed successfully without conversion to open surgery. Median (range) operative time was 210 (180-300) minutes, with robotic procedures requiring longer duration. No intraoperative complications, nipple-areolar necrosis, or implant losses were observed. Two patients developed minor seromas that resolved with aspiration. Pathological margins were negative in all cases. At a median follow-up of six (4-18) months, all patients were alive, disease-free, and reported good-to-excellent cosmetic satisfaction.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our early experience demonstrates that both endoscopic and robotic-assisted NSM are feasible and safe in carefully selected patients, providing satisfactory oncologic and esthetic outcomes. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the very small sample size, short follow-up, and absence of a comparator group. Larger prospective multicenter studies with long-term outcomes are required to confirm oncologic safety and define the role of minimally invasive NSM India.
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Search related cases →Original publication on Europe PMC: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41873898