Modern Conservative Management Strategies for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is characterized by the involuntary leakage of urine during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure. The management of SUI encompasses surgical treatments, such as colposuspension and sling procedures, and nonsurgical ones that involve pelvic floor muscle treatment, behavioral therapies, as well as pharmacological interventions. By exploring nonsurgical options initially, individuals have the opportunity to address the root causes of stress urinary incontinence and strengthen pelvic floor muscles. <b>Background/Objectives</b>: This article delves into the conservative measures in managing SUI among women and the options of minimally invasive strategies for SUI, such as the injection of platelet-rich plasma, stem cells, bulking agents, and laser and radiofrequency therapy. <b>Methods</b>: A search of the literature from 2010 until January 2024 was carried out on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science research databases. <b>Results</b>: A total of 34 studies on human females assessing the roles of platelet-rich plasma, laser and radiofrequency therapy, bulking agents, and stem cell therapy were included. <b>Conclusions</b>: The shortcoming of most conservative techniques seems to be represented by the temporary effects and the necessity of repeated treatments. To establish effective medical techniques, adopting more standardized procedures and conducting comprehensive randomized controlled trials is imperative.