Molecular detection of blaTEM-encoding genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichiafrom cloacal swabs of ducks in Indonesia farms.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Globally, there is an increasing frequency of community-acquired illnesses caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing. The presence of ESBL-producingin livestock is a concern, considering its transmission potential to humans, effects on animal health, risks to food safety, and the widespread spread of antibiotic resistance in both human and animal populations. AIM: This study investigated the prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producingin cloacal swab samples collected from duck farms in Jombang, Indonesia. METHODS: In total, 125 cloacal swab samples of ducks were collected from farms. Samples were processed and analyzed forisolation using standard microbiology techniques. Isolatedstrains were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and ESBL phenotypic detection using disc diffusion and double-disk synergy test techniques, respectively. Identified multidrug-resistant (MDR)strains were thereafter screened for the detection ofTEM ESBL gene by PCR. RESULTS: A total of 94 (52.2%) out of the collected 180 swab samples were positive for. Twenty-five (39.1%) out of the recoveredisolates were generally noted to exhibit MDR traits. Exactly 24 (96%) out of the 25 MDRstrains that were selected for molecular studies harbored theTEM gene. CONCLUSION: The detection of MDRharboringTEM ESBL gene in ducks in our study area is a significant public health problem. Therefore, strong and impactful preventive measures, which would curtail the increasing dissemination of MDR bacterial pathogens in agricultural settings, are urgently needed.