Multicenter results for C7-T1 ventral interbody fusion in horses using the kerf cut cylinder.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To describe the surgical approach used in horses undergoing C7-T1 ventral interbody fusion using a kerf cut cylinder (KCC) implant and report the short- and long-term outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Observational retrospective study. ANIMALS: A total of 38 client-owned horses. METHODS: Medical records of horses that underwent ventral interbody fusion because of C7-T1 cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy from 2004 to 2024 were reviewed. Preoperative variables included age, sex, breed, and affected site(s). Surgical variables included types of KCC used, intraoperative complications, and anesthesia related complications. Long-term outcomes were obtained by telephone interviews with the owners, trainers, and/or attending veterinarians. RESULTS: A total of 38 horses had a KCC placed and 34 of 38 horses (89%) were discharged from the hospital and were alive >3 months postoperatively. Long-term follow-up was available for 32 horses (median, 48 months; range: 3-144), two horses were unavailable for long-term follow-up. A total of 30 of 38 horses (79%) were deemed to have successful outcomes; a total of 19 of 38 horses (50%) returned to riding, training, or showing in their respective disciplines and 11 of 38 horses (29%) were allowed unrestricted paddock turnout or were in active rehabilitation with improved clinical signs. CONCLUSION: Ventral interbody fusion of C7-T1 had anatomical challenges. Laryngeal spasm was the most common short-term complication, but C7-T1 ventral interbody fusion using the KCC was associated with acceptable morbidity and good long-term outcomes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Ventral interbody fusion of C7-T1 using a KCC implant can be successfully performed in equine patients with good prognosis, and ventral interbody fusion of the cervical spine should not be considered a salvage procedure.