Multidisciplinary En-Bloc Resection of Sacral Chordoma: A Narrative Review and Illustrative Case.

Abstract

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Sacral chordomas are rare, locally invasive tumors that pose significant surgical and oncological challenges due to their anatomical complexity, proximity to critical structures, and resistance to conventional therapies. <b>Methods</b>: A literature search focused on contemporary multidisciplinary management of sacral chordoma was conducted. An illustrative case of such a multidisciplinary approach is presented. <b>Results</b>: Achieving optimal outcomes necessitates a multidisciplinary approach that balances en-bloc resection with negative margins and preservation of biomechanical stability and neurological function. Negative resection margins are a key determinant of long-term survival and reduced recurrence, particularly for tumors involving the upper sacrum (S1-S2). While postoperative radiation therapy provides adjunctive benefits, precision in surgical planning and execution remains paramount. Emerging technologies, such as augmented reality and 3D-printed anatomical models, are enhancing surgical precision, while the role of multidisciplinary surgical teams in improving outcomes requires further study. <b>Conclusions</b>: This review highlights the complexities of sacral chordoma management, focusing on surgical strategies, functional trade-offs, and future directions to optimize oncological and functional outcomes.