Neuroprotective and antidepressant potential of S-adenosyl-L methionine (SAMe) and coenzyme Q10 in a corticosteroid-induced depression model.

Abstract

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are known to support brain health through roles in methylation, neurotransmitter synthesis, and reduction of oxidative stress, suggesting potential antidepressant benefits.This experimental study evaluated the antidepressant and antioxidant effects of SAMe, alone and in combination with CoQ10, in a dexamethasone-induced depression model in rats.Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into six groups and received dexamethasone (20 mg/kg, orally) for 21 days to induce depressive-like behaviour. SAMe, CoQ10, or their combination were administered 30 minutes prior to dexamethasone. Behavioural assessments were conducted to evaluate depressive-like features, and oxidative stress markers (NOx, MDA, TOS, TAS, GSH, RSH) were measured in the cerebral cortex and plasma. Histopathological examination of the hippocampus was also performed. Dexamethasone produced marked depressive behaviours and increased oxidative stress. Treatment with SAMe and CoQ10, individually, improved behavioural outcomes and enhanced antioxidant status, indicating antidepressant and neuroprotective effects. The combined treatment yielded the most pronounced benefits, almost normalising oxidative markers and preserving hippocampal architecture.Overall, the findings support the utility of dexamethasone-induced depression as a valid experimental model and suggest that SAMe and CoQ10, particularly in combination, may offer promising antidepressant and neuroprotective potential.