Neuroprotective and nootropic effects of a standardised Siddha polyherbal formulation, Bhiramiyadhi bhavanai choornam, against β-amyloid-Induced neurodegeneration.

Abstract

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bhiramiyadhi bhavanai choornam (BBC) is a traditional Siddha polyherbal formulation composed of 15 medicinal plants. The classical text claims that regular intake of BBC strengthens cognitive function, improves memory, boosts morale, enhances longevity, and promotes overall physical vitality. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present investigation focused on standardising Bhiramiyadhi bhavanai choornam and assessing its neuroprotective effect against β-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardisation of BBC was carried out following the AYUSH guidelines. A validated HPTLC method was developed for the marker compounds ascorbic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, piperine, and asiaticoside. Experimental neurodegeneration was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβin male Wistar rats. The effects of BBC were evaluated using behavioural paradigms, such as the Morris water maze, locomotor activity, social recognition, and novel object recognition tests. Biochemical assessments included acetylcholinesterase activity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), oxidative stress and antioxidant indices, and inflammatory cytokines. Brain histopathology was performed to assess neuronal architecture and the deposition of amyloid plaques. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The HPTLC method developed provided accurate and reliable chemical profiling of BBC. Treatment with BBC significantly improved cognitive and memory performance in Aβ-treated rats. It enhanced brain BDNF levels, improved antioxidant defence mechanism, reduced acetylcholinesterase activity, and suppressed oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Histological studies further confirmed its protective effect by attenuating neuronal damage and plaque formation. CONCLUSION: A validated HPTLC method was developed for the standardisation of BBC. Pharmacological findings indicate its strong neuroprotective and nootropic activities, highlighting its potential for Alzheimer's disease and related neurodisorders.