Neutrophil function in small animals.

Abstract

Neutrophils are highly mobile phagocytes that serve as the initial effectors against pathogens and are actively recruited to sites of inflammation. Chemoattractants guide them toward the inflammation, and their interaction with endothelial cells directs them through postcapillary venules and into the tissues. Once they have reached their destination, they can efficiently kill many microbes via phagocytosis, extracellular release of granule contents, and the formation of NETs. They also actively produce cytokines and other mediators to promote or suppress inflammation, repair tissues, and modulate the immune response. The importance of neutrophil function in host health is emphasized through discussion of inherited disorders of neutrophil function such as leukocyte adhesion deficiency and cyclic hematopoiesis.