Non-Hermitian shortcuts to adiabaticity based on physics-informed neural networks.

Abstract

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a methodology that integrates physical equations into neural networks. By incorporating the residuals of physical equations as part of the loss function, PINNs enable the network to learn data features while simultaneously satisfying the constraints imposed by physical laws. The underlying principle of PINNs involves using optimization algorithms to iteratively update the network parameters until the value of a specified physics-informed loss function decreases to an acceptable level, thereby driving the network towards the solution of the differential equations. This approach is not merely a tool but serves as a bridge integrating scientific computing with artificial intelligence, offering novel paradigms for modeling and predicting complex systems. In this paper, we propose a non-Hermitian shortcut to adiabaticity (STA) scheme based on physics-informed neural networks. We utilize the physics-informed neural networks to solve parameterized differential equations, employing the neural networks as an approximating function for the quantum adiabatic evolution process. This provides an interpretable and end-to-end framework (termed STAPINNs) for control-field optimization, distinct from traditional gradient-based approaches like gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE), which require pre-defined pulse parameterization. The parameterized differential equations, along with various physical constraints, are incorporated into the network's loss function. Training the networks allows them to fit the quantum system's evolution process and obtain the driving control function for population inversion. Compared to conventional STA techniques, our approach introduces machine learning into non-Hermitian quantum systems, enabling highly robust and high-fidelity population transfer. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms traditional STA protocols under dissipative conditions, achieving fidelities above 0.99 even in the presence of substantial decoherence. Moreover, the framework demonstrates strong generalization across wide parameter ranges and is inherently scalable to multi-level and many-body systems due to the mesh-free, high-dimensional handling capability of PINNs. Neural networks possess strong computational capabilities suitable for generating driving control functions in complex systems, and are equally applicable to non-Hermitian STA techniques. The STAPINNs framework not only enhances control flexibility but also provides a powerful tool for optimizing quantum operations in open and noisy systems.