Novel insertion/deletion polymorphisms and genetic features of the shadow of prion protein gene () in dogs, a prion-resistant animal.

Abstract

Prion diseases are fatal infectious neurodegenerative disorders that are induced by misfolded prion protein (PrP). Previous studies have reported that the shadow of prion protein (Sho) encoded by the shadow of prion protein gene () plays a critical role in stimulating the conversion process of normal PrP (PrP) into PrP, and genetic polymorphisms of thegene are significantly related to susceptibility to prion diseases. Recent studies have reported that dogs show prion resistance, and there have been several attempts to identify resistance factors to prion diseases in dogs. However, there has been no study of the caninegene thus far. We investigated genetic polymorphisms of the caninegene in 201 dogs using amplicon sequencing and compared the number ofpolymorphisms among prion-related species. In addition, we performed multiple sequence alignments of the amino acid sequences of Sho among prion-related species by ClustalW and analyzed the 3D structure of Sho using AlphaFold. Furthermore, we assessed the protein-protein interaction of canine PrP with canine Sho carrying wild-type and mutant alleles using HawkDock. We found four novel insertion/deletion polymorphisms of thegene in 201 dogs and identified a significant difference in the number ofpolymorphisms between prion-susceptible and prion-resistant animals. In addition, Sho has two α-helixes linked with the coil. Furthermore, we found different binding complexes and binding free energies between canine Sho and PrP according topolymorphisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of caninepolymorphisms.