Numerical Analysis of Temperature Rise Characteristics of Parallel Serpentine Channel Lithium Battery Modules.

Abstract

With the widespread application of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems and electric vehicle power batteries, optimizing liquid cooling systems to effectively manage heat and prevent thermal runaway has become crucial for enhancing the safety and efficiency of energy storage systems. Addressing issues of cooling efficiency and uneven temperature distribution in battery packs, this study designed a parallel serpentine channel liquid cooling plate to improve coolant flow efficiency and heat exchange capacity by optimizing the channel structure. The temperature distribution of the battery pack under different discharge rates (1, 1.5, and 2 C) and the impact of two layouts of the parallel serpentine channel on cooling performance are investigated to identify the optimal configuration. Numerical simulations of a 280 Ah lithium-ion battery are conducted using Ansys Fluent and AMEsim, establishing a thermal model based on Bernardi's heat generation rate, mass flow, and conservation equations of momentum and energy. Experimental results demonstrate that the second layout exhibits a superior cooling performance and better thermal uniformity. Increasing the coolant flow rate effectively reduces the maximum temperature of the battery pack under 2 C operation, highlighting the significance of the optimized liquid cooling system design in enhancing the safety and performance of lithium-ion battery packs.