Pain relief after dog knee surgery: cimicoxib vs tramadol

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic effects of oral administration of cimicoxib and tramadol over a 30 day period following Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy and partial menisectomy in dogs. DESIGN: Randomized, double blinded, prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: 42 adult client-owned dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease and partial meniscal tears. METHODS: Dogs were allocated into 2 treatment groups (cimicoxib or tramadol). Weight bearing while standing, thigh circumference, flexion and extension range of motions, wound classification, adverse effects, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) and Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI) questionnaire and limb function by means of pressure platform gait analysis were recorded before surgery and at several time points after surgery for 30 days. Outcome measures were compared at each time point among groups. RESULTS: A significant improvement in two objective measures of gait of the cimicoxib group: the vertical impulse on day 1 and day 20 and the peak vertical force on day 20 were significantly improved when compared to the tramadol group. However, no difference was seen for the VI or PVF of dogs on the other days compared. In addiction there was no difference in the weight bearing while standing, thigh circumference, wound classification, adverse effects, VAS, CMPS-SF and HCPI. We did not observe a difference in the number of adverse effects measured in this study with the exception of hock edaema. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A significant difference was not found in long-term postoperative analgesia provided by cimicoxib or tramadol in dogs undergoing TPLO when subjective parameters (with the exception of knee joint range of motion) were evaluated, but use of the force plate analysis revealed a significant difference between groups at T20 for both PVF and VI. The use of cimicoxib improved the limb function and ROM and reduced the occurrence of hock edema, in the first 20 days after surgery, without any additional side effects, compared to tramadol. Thus, the use of cimicoxib should be preferred to tramadol alone in clinical cases similar to the ones included in this study.