Poultry Mites Contributing to Human Dermatitis: A Retrospective Study in Italy (2010–2024)

Abstract

<i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i>, <i>Ornithonyssus sylviarum</i>, and <i>Ornithonyssus bursa</i> are ectoparasitic bird mites that affect both avian hosts and humans, causing economic losses in poultry farming and dermatological issues in humans. Due to their small size and transient feeding behaviour, mite-induced dermatitis is often misdiagnosed. In this study, over 4900 cases of entomodermatoses, recorded at the Urania Research Centre and the Department of Veterinary Medicine of Perugia—Parasitology Section between 2010–2024, were analysed, selecting cases linked to bird mites. Data on lesion onset, timing, infestation location, environmental factors, lesion type, and symptoms were examined. Avian Dermanyssoidea mites were responsible for about 4% of dermatological cases, with <i>D. gallinae</i> and <i>O. sylviarum</i> being the most prevalent, while <i>O. bursa</i> was less frequent. Species identification was also based on the morphology of the chelicerae and palps, with cases peaking in spring and summer. These mites were widely distributed across Italy, and <i>Ornithonyssus</i> species caused more severe skin reactions than <i>Dermanyssus</i>. Infestations often involved both genera. This study provides the first large-scale analysis of bird mite infestations in Italy, offering new insights into their distribution, infestation dynamics, and clinical symptoms. The findings contribute to improving diagnostic accuracy, pest control strategies, and public health interventions.