Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Present and future of veterinary viral vaccinology: a review.
- Journal:
- The veterinary quarterly
- Year:
- 2001
- Authors:
- van Oirschot, J T
- Affiliation:
- Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-Lelystad) · Netherlands
Plain-English summary
This review looks at recent advancements in vaccines for animals, both for pets and farm animals. It explains that veterinarians can choose the best vaccines by comparing how effective they are based on research. New types of vaccines, like Diva vaccines, help distinguish between vaccinated and infected animals, which is important for controlling virus outbreaks. The review also discusses ongoing research into new vaccine technologies, including DNA vaccines and other innovative methods. Overall, the goal is to create better vaccines that provide long-lasting protection against diseases that current vaccines do not cover.
Abstract
This review deals briefly with some key developments in veterinary vaccinology, lists the types of vaccines that are used for vaccinations commonly performed in food animals as well as in companion animals, and indicates that the practising veterinarian can select the best vaccine by comparing the results of efficacy studies. Diva (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals; also termed marker) vaccines and companion diagnostic tests have been developed that can be used for progammes aimed to control or eradicate virus infections. Vaccine-induced herd immunity, which can be measured relatively easily when diva vaccines are used, is a crucial issue in such programmes. Current vaccine research follows many routes towards novel vaccines, which can be divided into non-replicating ('killed') and replicating ('live') vaccines. Promising trends are the development of DNA vaccination, vector vaccines, and attenuation of DNA and RNA viruses by DNA technology. The lack of (in vitro) correlates of vaccine protection markedly hampers progress in vaccine research. Various characteristics of an 'ideal' vaccine are listed, such as multivalency and the induction of lifelong immunity after one non-invasive administration in animals with maternal immunity. Future research should be aimed at developing vaccines that approach the ideal as closely as possible and which are directed against diseases not yet controlled by vaccination and against newly emerging diseases.
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Search related cases →Original publication: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11513250/