Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Copper buildup in cat livers with liver disease
By Hurwitz, Brandi M et al.·Published in Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·2014·Department of Clinical Sciences, United States·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Presumed primary and secondary hepatic copper accumulation in cats.
- Species:
- cat
Plain-English summary
A 2-year-old cat was diagnosed with liver problems due to high copper levels, a condition known as primary copper-associated hepatopathy. The cat showed symptoms similar to other liver diseases, but tests confirmed the copper buildup. Treatment included medications like penicillamine, antioxidants, and special diets, which helped six cats recover. However, one cat experienced a side effect of anemia that improved after stopping the medication. Overall, with proper management, cats with this condition can live longer, healthier lives.
People also search for: cat liver disease symptoms · copper poisoning in cats · penicillamine side effects in cats
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine signalments, clinical features, clinicopathologic variables, imaging findings, treatments, and survival time of cats with presumed primary copper-associated hepatopathy (PCH) and to determine quantitative measures and histologic characteristics of the accumulation and distribution of copper in liver samples of cats with presumed PCH, extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, chronic nonsuppurative cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis, and miscellaneous other hepatobiliary disorders and liver samples of cats without hepatobiliary disease. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 100 cats with hepatobiliary disease (PCH [n = 11], extrahepatic bile duct obstruction [14], cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis [37], and miscellaneous hepatobiliary disorders [38]) and 14 cats without hepatobiliary disease. PROCEDURES: From 1980 to 2013, cats with and without hepatobiliary disease confirmed by liver biopsy and measurement of hepatic copper concentrations were identified. Clinical, clinicopathologic, and imaging data were compared between cats with and without PCH. RESULTS: Cats with PCH were typically young (median age, 2.0 years); clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics were similar to those of cats with other liver disorders. Copper-specific staining patterns and quantification of copper in liver samples confirmed PCH (on the basis of detection of > 700 μg/g of liver sample dry weight). Six cats with PCH underwent successful treatment with chelation (penicillamine; n = 5), antioxidants (5), low doses of elemental zinc (2), and feeding of hepatic support or high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets, and other hepatic support treatments. One cat that received penicillamine developed hemolytic anemia, which resolved after discontinuation of administration. Three cats with high hepatic copper concentrations developed hepatocellular neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that copper accumulates in livers of cats as primary and secondary processes. Long-term management of cats with PCH was possible.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24344855/