Prevalence of bovine hydatidosis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

Bovine hydatidosis, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, remains a major parasitic disease affecting cattle and the meat industry in Ethiopia. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of bovine hydatidosis in Ethiopia through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Science Direct was conducted to identify studies published between January 2013 and May 2023. The methodology followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A total of 60 eligible cross-sectional studies reporting prevalence of bovine hydatidosis in Ethiopia were included. Data were extracted using a standardized template and appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using STATA 14 with a random-effects model, applying logit transformation to stabilize variances. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and I&#xb2; statistics, and publication bias was assessed with Egger's test and funnel plots. The pooled national prevalence of bovine hydatidosis was 27.4% (95% CI: 24.3-30.5) with significant heterogeneity (I&#xb2; = 97.7%, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed higher prevalence in eastern Ethiopia (32.0%, 95% CI: 19.3-44.7) and lower in northern Ethiopia (23.7%, 95% CI: 19.9-27.6). No significant temporal trend was observed across the study period. Funnel plots and Egger's test (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.32) indicated no publication bias. This systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that bovine hydatidosis remains endemic and widespread in Ethiopia, with marked regional variability. Strengthened abattoir inspection, dog deworming, and improved offal disposal practices are essential to reduce infection risk.