Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
How common is high calcium in dogs with Addison's disease
By Hall, Harriet et al.·Published in Journal of veterinary internal medicine·2023·Department of Veterinary Medicine, United Kingdom·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Prevalence of hypercalcemia in primary hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: Multicenter, retrospective study.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of 110 dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism (a condition where the adrenal glands don't produce enough hormones) was studied to see how many had high calcium levels in their blood. About 34.5% of these dogs had hypercalcemia, which can cause various health issues. The research found that dogs with a specific type of hypoadrenocorticism and those with higher levels of certain blood substances were more likely to have high calcium. Understanding these connections can help veterinarians better diagnose and treat affected dogs.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypoadrenocorticism is an important differential for hypercalcemia. The etiology of hypercalcemia in hypoadrenocorticism in dogs is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To review the prevalence of hypercalcemia and use statistical models to identify clinical, demographic, and biochemical variables associated with hypercalcemia in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism. ANIMALS: One hundred ten dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism; 107 with recorded total calcium (TCa), 43 recorded ionized calcium (iCa). METHODS: Multicenter retrospective observational study at 4 UK referral hospitals. Univariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between independent variables of signalment, hypoadrenocorticism type (glucocorticoid only deficient hypoadrenocorticism [GHoC] vs glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficient hypoadrenocorticism [GMHoC]), clinicopathological variables and hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia was defined as elevated TCa, an elevated iCa, or both elevated TCa and iCa (Model 1) or as elevated iCa (Model 2). RESULTS: Overall prevalence of hypercalcemia was 34.5% (38/110). The odds of hypercalcemia (Model 1) were increased (P < .05) in dogs with GMHoC ([vs GHoC], OR [odds ratio] = 3.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.105-13.463), higher serum creatinine (OR = 1.512, 95% CI 1.041-2.197), and higher serum albumin (OR = 4.187, 95% CI 1.744-10.048). The odds of ionized hypercalcemia (Model 2) were increased (P < .05) with reduced serum potassium concentration (OR = 0.401, 95% CI 0.184-0.876) and younger age (OR = 0.737, 95% CI 0.558-0.974). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This study identified several key clinical and biochemical variables associated with hypercalcemia in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism. These findings aid understanding of the pathophysiology and etiology of hypercalcemia in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37382221/